July 2020
Hagia Sophia opens as mosque after 86 years as Saudi Arabia accuses Erdogan of misreading the history
By Abdus Sattar Ghazali: Turkey’s iconic Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque reopened for worship on Friday for the first time in 86 years as Saudi Arabia accused Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan of misreading the history. “Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque is a cultural heritage of humanity as a whole. It was a mosque and was reverted back into a mosque," Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said following the prayers. However, the Saudi official mouthpiece the Arab News carried a number of articles to belittle the significance of reopening of Hagia Sophia as mosque as political analysts suggest that the Turkish President Erdogan is vying for Muslim world’s leadership. Read More Read short version
San Francisco becomes sixth US city to denounce Indian Citizen Amendment Act
By Abdus Sattar Ghazali: San Francisco Wednesday became the sixth US city to pass a resolution against India’s anti-Muslim Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) and the National Register of Citizens (NRC).The resolution, reaffirming San Francisco as a “welcoming city,” comes in the wake of five other cities (Seattle WA, Albany NY, St. Paul MN, Hamtramck MI, Cambridge MA) having passed similar resolutions denouncing the CAA and NRC and the exclusionary and bigoted worldview they represent. President Trump’s bigoted policies within the U.S. including discriminating on religious grounds, targeting vulnerable communities, stripping citizenship, fabricating crises, and stoking hatred, have been mirrored by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, his Hindu extremist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government, and their alarming ideology that Hindus are racially and culturally superior to others, the resolution said. Read More
40,000 Chinese troops remain on the Indian territory in Ladakh: NDTV
By Abdus Sattar Ghazali: It seems that the People's Liberation Army (PLA) is not in a mood to de-escalate the situation on the Line of Actual Control (LAC) as it has continued deployment of around 40,000 troops in its front and depth areas for the Eastern Ladakh sector, NDTV of India reported Wednesday. The Chinese are also not honoring their commitment for disengagement at the friction points in Eastern Ladakh and not moving back as per the agreed terms during the multiple rounds of talks at the government and Army levels and intervention at the senior level like the one done by the National Security Advisor couple of weeks ago, the NDTV quoted informed sources as saying. Read More
Saudi Arabia’s relations with China are functional but not strategic
By Abdus Sattar Ghazali: Saudi Arabia’s relations with China are functional, but not strategic, says Bruce Riedel, a former Central Intelligence Agency analyst. In an article published by Brookings Institution, where he is now a senior fellow in the Saban Center for Middle East Policy, Riedel argues: Saudi Arabia values its relations with China, but it is well aware of their limits. Beijing will not replace Washington in Riyadh’s worldview, even if U.S.-Saudi relations falter in the next administration. Read More
Once flush with cash, Gulf Arabs states head for record borrowing
By Abdus Sattar Ghazali: The Gulf Arab states - Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and Oman - will borrow a record amount this year to help cover budget deficits expected to add up to about $490 billion over the next three years, according to S&P Global Ratings reported by Bloomberg. For the five oil-reliant members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), the dual shock of the coronavirus pandemic and lower crude prices means sovereign balance sheets may “continue to deteriorate up until 2023,” analysts including Trevor Cullinan said in a report Monday. Read More
It is no longer Pakistan seeking Chinese support for its adventurism as much as it is the other way around
By Abdus Sattar Ghazali: It is no longer Pakistan seeking Chinese support for its adventurism as much as it is the other way around says Retired Lt. General Syed Ata Hasnain. In an article published by the Indian Express General Hasnain argued that the mutuality of interests has increased and military coordination between China and Pakistan has become a larger part of the overall strategy. Read More
Remember: U.S. wars on Muslims continue even during Covid-19 & BLM uprisings
By Mike Rivage-Seul: SUNDAY HOMILY: Today's readings suggest that Americans withdraw support for the U.S. military and from Washington's policy of state terrorism against impoverished Muslims in the Middle East. Readings for the 16th Sunday in Ordinary Time: Wisdom 12: 13, 16-19; Psalms 86: 5-6, 9-10, 15-16; Romans 8: 26-27; Matthew 13: 24-43 Despite what you might hear in church today, this Sunday's liturgy of the word is not about the end of the world and the condemned spending eternity in endless fire. So, don't be confused by the words Matthew puts in Jesus' mouth about an afterlife filled with "weeping and gnashing of teeth." Read More
A new world order is emerging for the post Covid-19 era
By Abdus Sattar Ghazali: Henry A. Kissinger wrote in the Wall Street Journal on April 3, 2020: When the Covid-19 pandemic is over, many countries’ institutions will be perceived as having failed. Whether this judgment is objectively fair is irrelevant. The reality is the world will never be the same after the coronavirus. Rory Medcalf, head of the National Security College at the Australian National University agrees by saying a lot of structural problems in the international order are becoming much more glaringly apparent. With a convergence of multiple pressure points, from failures of leadership to a lack of trust in the veracity of information, “it does add up to a kind of perfect storm,” Medcalf said. Read More
Parenting children in an alien culture
By Dr. Habib Siddiqui: Raising children with cultural values is a challenge for all immigrants who find very little in common in their adopted countries from their own. As a result of globalization, better opportunities for a safer and more secure and prosperous life, let alone the curse of increasingly authoritarianism in their native lands, many people from the developing third world have moved voluntarily to the western countries in the last few decades. This trend will continue in all likelihood as long as their native countries fail to provide the minimum necessities of life that are required towards arresting or discouraging such voluntary migration. And then there are tens of millions of people that are forced to migrate because of war and/or unfathomed persecution and genocidal crimes of the state and nonstate actors in many parts of the world, e.g., Myanmar, Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan and many parts of Africa and Latin America. Read More
“US-imposed Post-9-11 Muslim Holocaust & Muslim Genocide”
Dr Gideon Polya: A new book “US-imposed Post-9-11 Muslim Holocaust & Muslim Genocide” by Gideon Polya (Korsgaard Publishing, 2020) quantitatively exposes atrocities from colonial crimes (e.g. the ongoing Palestinian Genocide) to the 21st century Muslim Holocaust and the worsening Climate Genocide. In the main this book addresses the question of how many people have died in the US-imposed post-9-11 Muslim Holocaust and Muslim Genocide (the post-9-11 US War on Terror), and the short answer is “Lots”. The ghastly 21st century reality is that an estimated 32 million Muslims have died from violence, 5 million, or through avoidable death from imposed deprivation, 27 million, in 20 countries invaded by the US Alliance since the US Government’s 9-11 false flag atrocity (3,000 killed) that numerous science, architecture, engineering, aviation, military and intelligence experts conclude was perpetrated by the US Government itself. However it gets much, much worse because holocaust ignored yields holocaust repeated. The large-scale active and passive killing continues. Indeed each year 15 million people die avoidably from deprivation in an ongoing Global Avoidable Mortality Holocaust on Spaceship Earth with endlessly greedy, neoliberal One Percenters in charge of the flight deck. Read More
Oppose U.S. moves to drag India-China conflict into its Indo-Pacific Strategy
by Ramakrishnan: Human Rights violation in Tibet is a bogey. It is an alibi for interference by US. PM Modi had said, less than one year ago, that the Mahabalipuram (Chennai) summit (Oct 11-12, 2019) had begun “a New Era of Cooperation between the two countries”. He had famously said, about his summit with Xi Jinping: “ We have decided that we would prudently manage our differences without letting them turn into disputes, that we would be sensitive to each other’s’ concerns, and that our relations strive towards world peace and stability.” “The two sides decided to designate 2020 as year of India-China Cultural and People-to-people Exchanges” and to deepen all-sided relations. China has accurately called Australia acting as an attack dog of the US. And QUAD was activated against China, India joined. India is now thinking of inviting Australia, for the first time, to Malabar Naval Exercises in which US and Japan were participants earlier. Thus they will be QUAD Exercises, and will be taken as aimed at China. Read More
Kashmir could be next big flashpoint between India and China: US Experts
By Abdus Sattar Ghazali: Tensions between India and China have not even cooled down and experts have already warned that Kashmir could emerge as the next big flashpoint between the two nuclear-armed neighbors. And this time, India and China would be joined by the third claimant to Kashmir – Pakistan, EurAsian Times said Friday. India has vehemently objected to the construction of multibillion-dollar Diamer Bhasha multipurpose dam in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. Read More
Hagia Sophia – Babri Masjid and Temple Mount
by Haider Abbas: There hasn’t been any news in the world media as to what Palestinian Authority Foreign Minister Riyad Al Makli said on June 16, 2020, about how the purported annexation of Jordan Valley, Northern Dead Sea and parts of Judea and Samaria, by Israel, is actually a ploy to demolish Al Aqsa mosque and raise the Third-Temple of Jews on it, and the world remains totally oblivious to all the dangerous ‘inherent’ implications and also the ‘incumbent’ ramifications on it. The danger brewing in terms of a religious-war is what Maliki wanted the world to lend an ear to. Read More
Western reaction to Hagia Sophia exposes hypocrisy on ‘religious tolerance’
By Abdus Sattar Ghazali: There has been a sharp reaction to Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan’s decision to convert the Hagia Sophia into mosque. The Spectator of UK said: Will the Hagia Sophia be a wake-up call to a West that has so far tolerated far too many transgressions? The Telegraph said making the Hagia Sophia a mosque is a political slap in the face for the West and it is a blow to the foundations of Turkey’s alignment with the West. Tellingly, even though Greece has criticized Turkey for reopening Istanbul’s historic Hagia Sophia as a mosque, the situation of Ottoman-era monuments in Greece tells a different story, with most of them neglected, ruined, or used for purposes, which completely disregard their history, Busra Nur Bilgic Cakmak of the Turkish newspaper Yenisafak wrote Wednesday. Tellingly, Wikipedia enumerates at least 16 mosques in Spain which were converted into churches. Read More
Indo-Chinese marathon military commanders talks fail to resolve differences
By Abdus Sattar Ghazali: Talks between senior military commanders of India and China on the second and more complex phase of de-escalation and disengagement which started on Tuesday lasted 15 hours, concluding in the early hours of Wednesday, Indian media reported. A statement about the talks is unlikely from the Indian side on Wednesday, as it engages "internal deliberations" over the discussions, the media said. Read More
China-Iran mega economic, security deal is bad news for Israel
By Abdus Sattar Ghazali: With Iran and China working on a multibillion-dollar 25-year economic and security deal, Israel has many reasons to be concerned and even alarmed, says Lahav Harkov of Jerusalem Post. China would gain power and influence in Iran, a diplomatic card it can play with respect to the US and garner greater leverage in the Gulf. For Israel, the potential for damage from such an agreement is clear, Harkov said. Read More
Iran expels India from strategic Chahbahar railway project as China-Iran finalize $400 billion deal
By Abdus Sattar Ghazali: India was kicked out of key Iran railway project as China finalizes a $400 billion deal with Iran. Iran said that India was delaying funding. The unexpected development comes four years after the two sides had reached an agreement to construct the 628 km rail line along the Iran-Afghanistan border. Iran's decision to cancel India's participation in the project is coming in the backdrop of a fast-moving strategic deal with China. China and Iran are giving final shape to a colossal partnership package worth billions, to be spread over the next 25 years. Read More
China expands military at India border as Modi accused of surrendering land: Newsweek
By Abdus Sattar Ghazali: Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is facing domestic criticism for allegedly surrendering land to Chinese forces along the disputed Himalayan border between the two nations, where dozens of soldiers are believed to have died in hand-to-hand fighting last month, the Newsweek has said. The New York Times reported this weekend that the Chinese have undertaken a major build-up of forces in the disputed area, setting up new tents and storage facilities supported by artillery pieces, boats and even tanks. Citing satellite images of the valleys and mountains that form the Line of Actual Control—a loose demarcation line established after the 1962 Sino-Indian War—the New York Times and other observers have said that Chinese troops have maintained positions on the Indian side of the frontier despite Modi's claims of victory. Read More
President Erdogan declares Hagia Sophia a mosque after Turkish court ruling
By Abdus Sattar Ghazali: Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan declared Istanbul’s Hagia Sophia a mosque on Friday hours after a top court ruled the ancient building’s conversion to a museum by modern Turkey’s founding statesman was illegal. “With this court ruling, and with the measures we took in line with the decision, Hagia Sophia became a mosque again, after 86 years, in the way Fatih the conqueror of Istanbul had wanted it to be,” Erdogan said in a national address. President Erdogan said Turkey could now leave behind “the curse of Allah, profits and angels” that Fatih - the Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II - said would be on anyone who converted it from a mosque. Read More
China, India to hold Lt Gen-level talks as China declines to exchange maps of Western border sector
By Abdus Sattar Ghazali: The Indian Army and the Chinese PLA are expected to hold another round of high-level talks on Tuesday or Wednesday to thrash out modalities for the next phase of de-escalation as part of complete disengagement of troops in eastern Ladakh, Indian military sources were quoted saying by the Press Trust of India. The high level military talks will be held amid reports that China has so far refused to exchange maps in the Western sector of India-China border. Even after 22 rounds of talks on the boundary question, it has shown no inclination to exchange maps or clarify the Line of Actual Control LAC), having exchanged maps for only the central sector, according to One India. Read More
Bosnia marks 25th anniversary of Srebrenica Genocide
By Abdus Sattar Ghazali: Bosnia and Herzegovina on Saturday marked the 25th anniversary of the Srebrenica Genocide, the worst atrocity on European soil since World War II. Every year on July 11, newly identified victims of the genocide are laid to rest at a memorial cemetery in Potocari, eastern Bosnia. On Saturday, nine Bosnian men and boys were laid to rest, 25 years after they were killed. July 11 is marked as the remembrance day for the victims of the genocide — the youngest one was a newborn baby while the oldest is believed to have been 94. Read More
India is rattled by China's military might
By Syed Rifaquat Ali: China's hegemony in various territorial segments of Ladakh is worrying the government of the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi much to the dismay of its 1.3 billion people. A slew of Chinese here in Sydney told this correspondent in an informal confabulation that in 1962 India-China war, we retreated from Assam to show goodwill gesture. This time, we will capture the entire disputed region in the Eastern part of India without showing any mercy. The situation in Ladakh today is very, very tense and explosive amid the building of troops by India, China, Pakistan, and to some measure Nepal. Read More
Trump may not back India against China in case of conflict: John Bolton
By Abdus Sattar Ghazali: Former United States National Security Adviser John Bolton has said if the Sino-India border tensions escalate, there is no guarantee that US President Donald Trump will back India against China. “China has been behaving in a belligerent fashion all around its periphery, certainly in the East and South China Sea, and its relations with Japan, India as well as others have declined,” Bolton said in an exclusive conversation with WION, India’s first international news channel. Read More
Global Times says U.S. is using India as cannon fodder for its anti-China strategy
By Abdus-Sattar Ghazali: The Chinese Community Party newspaper, the Global Times (GT) says that the United States is using India as cannon fodder for its strategy to contain China. China-US relations are facing unprecedented challenges, but the current US government doesn't show any sign to turn for the better, Mu Lu of the Global Times said Wednesday adding: "The US is likely to make full use of India regardless of what India will suffer as a result, as long as it can hinder China's pace of development. But this time, India would not get what it wants if it supports US attempts to disrupt China-India ties."Read More
India-China disengagement in Ladakh on Chinese terms
By Abdus-Sattar Ghazali: Indian Defense Expert, Pravin Swahney, says that July 5 Disengagement agreement between India's national security advisor Ajit Doval and China's Foreign Minister Wang Yi was reached on the Chinese terms. In his You Tube channel Swahney said Wednesday that disengagement plan was agreed on June 30, between the military leadership talks where Indian side by led by 14 Corps commander Lieutenant General Harinder Singh while Chinese side was represented by South Xinjiang Military District chief Major General Liu Lin. Read More
Mob physically assaults and forces Christians to worship idol in Uttar Pradesh
By Shibu Thomas: A mob of over 100 religious fanatics attacked a Church at 3pm on the 4th of July 2020 in a village at Dasmada in Azamgarh, a district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The mob broke into the house that belongs to Senior Pastor Sunita Mourya and beat up the church members that were present there, vandalizing the entire home. Read More
Four years after the failed coup: Turkey detains 34 suspects
By Abdus-Sattar Ghazali: Turkish police on Wednesday (July 8) detained at least 34 suspects over their alleged links to a network believed to be behind a coup attempt in 2016, Xinhua news agency reported. Acting upon the order of Turkish prosecutors in the western city of Izmir, police launched simultaneous operations in five provinces across the country to catch 19 suspects, Xinhua quoted Turkish news agency Anadolu as saying. On June 15, Turkish news agency Anadolu reported that at least 57 suspects were arrested over alleged links to the Fetullah Terrorist Organization (FETO), what it called the group behind the 2016 failed coup. Read More
China, Arab countries adopt action plan to deepen cooperation
By Abdus-Sattar Ghazali: The 9th ministerial meeting of the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum, held via video link on Monday, adopted the Amman Declaration and an action plan for the forum to deepen cooperation and ties between China and Arab states, Xinhua news agency reported Tuesday. The forum was established in 2004 by then-Chinese President Hu Jintao when he visited the Arab League headquarters in Cairo. Read More
After 61-day brutal border stand-off: China, India begin border disengagement process under way
By Abdus Sattar Ghazali: After 61-day intense stand-off, China and India announced Monday that they had made progress in disengaging frontline troops along a disputed part of their border where a brawl in June left 20 Indian soldiers dead. The disengagement came after China's Foreign Minister Wang Yi, and India's national security advisor Ajit Doval spoke by phone on Sunday about the issues along the frontier known as the Line of Actual Control (LAC). India Today said while some disengagement has happened in Galwan, Hot Springs and Gogra, the situation at Pangong Lake hasn’t changed much. At Pangong Lake, another flashpoint where clashes have taken place in the last two months, there are reports of Chinese removing some structures but there is no sign of moving back or de-escalation yet. Read More
China-India border standoff: The Russian Connection
By Abdus Sattar Ghazali: It is true that, unlike the US, Russia is not willing to be directly involved as a go-between, but a reduction of tensions and launching talks on border demarcation would be an ideal scenario that it wants to see happen, says Retired Colonel Andrey Akulov. Writing on the Russian TV, Moscow-based expert on military affairs Akulov said India and China are the global actors that Moscow needs to further its economic interests and foreign policy goals. Each great nation serves as a counterweight to the other. Besides, China counterbalances the US, while India counterbalances China. Read More
The Forgotten Lessons of the 4th of July
By Dr. Habib Siddiqui: American independence day, July 4, fell this year on Saturday. For the first time, there was no real fanfare of this national holiday but only a subdued observation with some fireworks because of the Covid-19 pandemic. This year’s independence day also came in the backdrop of the racial inequality problem that has shaken the very foundation of this country in ways that most Americans have never been seen since the civil rights movement of the 1960s. Hypocrisy runs so deep in our world that while an individual may sympathize with Black Americans and speak out against the racial injustice suffered by them in the distant USA, the same person feels no bite of conscience for either condoning or even participating in the crimes perpetrated by his fellow men against a religious or ethnic minority in his very backyard. When can we see all human beings as children of Adam? As we observe the 4th of July in 2020 in the midst of twin attacks from the Covid-19 and racial/religious injustice, let’s unite to realize the true values of the Declaration of Independence. Read More
China intruded in Ladakh and Arunachal but Modi’s govt is in Denial says The Quint
By Abdus Sattar Ghazali: India has become a little smaller and China just got a bit bigger, Rohit Khanna of the Quint says adding: “It is now clear we have lost control of the land on our side of the Line of Actual Control (LAC) at Depsang, at the Galwan Valley, at Pangong Lake in Eastern Ladakh and at least 3 areas along our border with China in Arunachal Pradesh as well.” The first step to getting any of this land back, Khanna argues, it would be for the Indian government to categorically accept that contrary to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s ‘no intrusion’ remarks, substantial incursions have taken place while this government looked away. Read More
Istanbul declaration on Kashmir
Via Email: A Two-day International Kashmir Webinar was organized by Faculty of Letters, Department of Urdu, Istanbul University on June 29 – 30, 2020. The participants unanimously adopted the following declaration at the end of the conference. The declaration condemned the Indian government's recent attempts at changing the demographic status by introducing the tendentious and politically motivated ‘Jammu and Kashmir Grant of Domicile Certificate (Procedure) Rules 2020.” Its aim is to alter the demographic character of the Muslim-majority territory at a time when the world's attention is focused on the worst public health and economic crises of our times because of Covid 19. Read More
China-India border tensions intensify as PLA builds fortifications in disputed territory
By Abdus Sattar Ghazali: India-China border tensions could turn to conflict as Chinese PLA soldiers have built scores of fortifications, prefabricated huts, bunkers and pill-boxes after occupying the ‘Finger-4 to 8’ area on the north bank of Pangong Lake, according to Eurasia Times. India-China border tensions do not seem to have eased out despite commander level meetings. After occupying a nearly 8-km stretch of India territory on the north bank of Pangong lake, the Chinese PLA troops have created a massive signage in the area to claim the region as their land, the Times of India reported Wednesday. Read More
India Deploys Israeli SPYDER Missiles along border with China: China-India Corps Commanders meeting fail to end Ladakh standoff
By Abdus Sattar Ghazali: The Indian Air Force (IAF) has reportedly installed the SPYDER Missile along with the homemade Akash surface-to-air missile (SAM) with a range of 30 km as part of strategic planning for a double layer tactic to guard critical resources and locations in the country, the Eurasia Times reported Tuesday. In other developments, the Press Trust of India (PTI) reported Tuesday, Indian and Chinese militaries on Tuesday held an over 10-hour Corps Commander-level dialogue with a focus on finalizing modalities for the disengagement of troops from various standoff points in eastern Ladakh, and explored ways to ease tension in the region. Read More
Pakistan accuses India of sponsoring terrorist attack on Karachi Stock Exchange
By Abdus Sattar Ghazali: Pakistan’s Foreign Minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi and National Security Advisor Dr Moeed Yusuf have accused India for sponsoring terrorist attack on Karachi Stock Exchange on June 29, which left the four terrorist and four security official killed. According to media reports, 4 heavily armed terrorists tried to enter Pakistan Stock Exchange Karachi building Saturday morning using latest weapons and hand grenades. However, timely action of the security forces thwarted the attempt. The Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) said its Majeed Brigade was responsible for the attack. The BLA issued the list of the terrorists involved in today’s attack. Members included, Tasleem Baloch, Shehzad Baloch, Salman Hammal and Siraj Kungur. Read More
Tottering Indian Economy in Abyss
Syed Rifaquat Ali: The Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP) at the Centre, bereft of economists, is finding it difficult to cope with the economic crisis which got aggravated by Covid-19 pandemic. "Worst economy in forty two years needs honest look," says Andy Mukherjee of The Economic Times. The Indian economy was already limping before the pandemic arrived in India. Read More
Indians disappointed at sparse reference to India in John Bolton’s new book
By Abdus Sattar Ghazali: India is mentioned on precisely 10 pages in Jon Bolton’s more than 700 pages book - The Room Where it Happened: A White House Memoir. The voluminous book mentions India twice along with China, twice along with Pakistan, twice with reference to Iran’s oil sales, once with reference to trade, once with reference to nuclear non-proliferation, once with reference to Russian sale of S-400 missiles and once in the context of a comment by President Donald Trump on Prime Minister Narendra Modi. According to The Wire, John Bolton’s new book has sparse pickings about India – and even those are largely related to either multilateral agreements or other foreign policy priorities like Iran. The few comments that he made about India are not in a positive light, complained Sandeep Dikshit of Tribune India. Read More
On John Bolton’s new book: "The room where it happened”
By Maryam Turab: If Bolton were actually being honest, he would have given the book its right title says Samantha Vinograd, a CNN national security analyst. The Room where it happened -- and where I stood by." As excerpts from the have book dripped out over the last few days and Bolton began his media spree to hype up the book, he left out one key theme: His own complicity. And in writing this Bolton book report, the synopsis is sadly unsurprising to anyone who's been awake these last four years: President Trump is a live threat to our national security. Bolton's revelations only add more color to what we already know about Trump cozying up to despots and intervening in our justice system to help his friends out. Read More
The Journal of America Team:
Editor in chief:
Abdus Sattar Ghazali
Senior Editor:
Prof. Arthur Scott
Special Correspondent
Maryam Turab
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